Association of Social Work Boards Masters (ASWB MSW) Practice Exam

Which stage of Kohlberg's moral development is characterized by obedience to avoid punishment?

1. Preconventional Morality

2. Conventional Morality

3. Postconventional Morality

4. Social Contract

The correct answer is: Preconventional Morality

This choice refers to the first stage of Kohlberg's moral development, which is characterized by the individual's focus on avoiding punishment and seeking rewards. This stage is considered to be the most basic level of morality, where individuals are primarily motivated by self-interest and the desire to avoid negative consequences. The other choices are incorrect because they refer to higher stages of moral development where individuals are motivated by more complex principles such as social norms, ethical reasoning, and a sense of responsibility. For example, in Conventional Morality (choice B), individuals are motivated by a desire to gain approval from others and follow societal rules, rather than simply avoiding punishment. This stage occurs later in development when individuals have a greater understanding of social expectations and consequences. Therefore, the most appropriate answer to this question is choice A, Preconventional Morality, as it best describes the stage characterized by obedience to avoid punishment.